NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. Descriptive statistics describe a sample. You might also like. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. (2004). Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Young, I. M. (1994). Goodin highlights that legislatures and governments need not include all groups and subgroups in society to represent the fact of diversity. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. Pros. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. It is different from exploratory research in that it is typically more focused on a certain unknown or unproven aspect of the project. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Race itself was never something I viewed another, in the way women are portrayed in modern culture and society. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Learn how your comment data is processed. By making the decision-making process more . Princeton: Princeton University Press. While women in many western states could vote sooner, all women were not able to exercise their right to vote nationwide until passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and they began to make up more than 5 percent of either chamber only in the 1990s. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. Wngnerud, L. (2009). Barry, B. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. Once you have this descriptive research, you can use it to focus your next ad campaign to the right clientele. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Signs, 19(3), 630657. List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. In the face of the modern impatience with pages (or even paragraphs) of descriptive narrative, its easy for writers to overreact and decide to avoid description altogether. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. Though studies argue it influences how communities are represented through constituency service, they are limited since legislators' service activities are unobserved. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. Bacchi, C. (1999). Representatives. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. Mansbridge, J. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. . This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. In Y. Galligan (Ed. Citing Literature. 1. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. Qualitative Research Pros & Cons . These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. Social representation. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. Goodin, R. 2004. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Fortunes of feminism. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 26 ubat 2021 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Companies use descriptive research analysis, but it has both advantages and disadvantages. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The debate about whether grades help or hinder student learning is as old as the U.S. grading system itself, dating back to the late 1800s. 1. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. 3. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. Source publication Pros, Cons, and Changing Behavior: An. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. The Case of Rwanda, Worlds Apart? Conclusion. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. Profiles: Google Scholar, Dataverse, OSF, R-Forge, Mastodon, YouTube, Libra.unine.ch, (Figshare), (SSRN), (Kudos). The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, The Journal of Politics, 61(3), 628657. New York: Routledge. Democratic legitimacy. Weldon, L. S. (2002). ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. Cambridge: Polity Press. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. While women and minorities remain underrepresented in Congress, some individual legislators have achieved seniority and enough political clout necessary to move into leadership positions. Gender representation and quotas. (Eds. The future of feminism. Additionally, how much does the ethnic composition of a district affect the chances that a Latino candidate will be elected in a given district? (2005). Google Scholar. 1. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Reisel, L. (2014). The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. Currently, forty-six African Americans serve in Congress. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. The point of this chapter is neither to define the threshold level of effective state feminism nor to argue that state feminism actually delivers better than descriptive representation. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. Quantitativist. / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. Feminism, epistemology and morality. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. Pennock, J. R. (1979). (1999). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Is the ideal of deliberative democracy coherent? In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. The question here is what happens to the calculus of descriptive representation under the condition that state feminist machineries are in place and work relatively efficiently. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Guinier, L. (1994). Such comparative analysis helps for quick understanding and attention. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. References. Descriptive representation is a way of thinking about representation in which it is thought to be important that representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. Sex and social justice. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers. Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. Young, I. M. (2000). Sociologist. 3. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. Register or login to make commenting easier. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. 9. The Great Compromise And The Basics Of Bicameralism, Senate Representation And House Apportionment, Summary of the Institutional Design of Congress, Types Of Representation: Looking Out For Constituents, Collective Representation And Congressional Approval, Summary of House and Senate Organizations, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. - 136.243.94.45. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). List of the Pros of Experimental Research 1. Advantage. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. (1998). Teigen, M. (2000). A main aspect of marginalization. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. Institutionalizing intersectionality. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Rawls, J. The simplest example of this point, which is critical for an understanding of how languages function as representational systems, is the famous traffic lights example. This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. 1938). I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Defending equality of outcome. European Journal of Political Research, 32, 1852010. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. Williams, M. S. (1998). Rawls, J. so that you can track your progress. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. (1995). Acta Politica, 4, 389403. Volume 52, Issue 3. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. New York: Palgrave. What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. The concept of representation. From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. $\endgroup . 1. Towards a European union gender equality index. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. They delineate achievement and motivate students to study hard and perform well. Pros of Representative Democracy. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. Required fields are marked *. 2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. Roemer, J. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Use descriptive statistics to summarize and graph the data for a group that you choose. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation?

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