Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. All rights reserved. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. When did the capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi? He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Verse 15. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. ). The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. 23 February 2011. Jonaraja Deposed by the minister Shura. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. From the Pen of Jonarja, Court Pait to Suln Zayn al-bidn. epic poem He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Rajatarangini belongs. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Verse 11. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. Verse 13. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). Report Error Devout Shaivite. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. The relative The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Arthashastra , one of the first in the history of Malayalam literature. No examples found, consider adding one please. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. Was this answer helpful? And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. Abstract. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. An unpopular king, he was killed. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Sanskrit This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Verse 12. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Wife of Damodara. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. 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